While strictly a game of chance, there are ways to increase the odds to win at bingo. You have no control over the numbers that are drawn so you can only do so much to improve your odds. Bingo is a simple game, so the methods you can employ to improve your chances are simple in nature as well.
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For example, in a simple one-pattern game of Bingo a winning card may be the first person to complete row #3. Because the 'N' column contains a free space, the maximum number of cards that guarantee a unique winner is (15.15.15.15) = 50,625. More Ways to Use this Christmas Bingo Printable. This holiday bingo printable can also be used as a matching game or memory game. To play: Print out one sheet of bingo cards (two cards per sheet) Cut out the bingo cards; For matching: Leave one card whole and cut out the smaller squares of the second card. Match the small squares to the bingo card. Bingo (also bango) is a card game named by analogy to the game bingo.The game is played with a bridge deck of 52 cards. The dealer gives each player a number of cards (typically five), which are held in the hand or placed face-down in front of the player. If you play a standard bingo game (numbers from 1 to 75) and you have 25 players (25 cards), and if you play 30 random values, you will get an average of 3 winning lines. When you have more cards, you will likely get more winners.
Get ready early
This one is general and will obviously apply to any form of bingo. It isn't a scientific theory, but being ready when the first number (or ball) is drawn will ensure you're on your game. Professional athletes get to their events early so they have plenty of time to prepare themselves for a top quality performance. While bingo isn't a professional sport, arriving early enough so you can buy the books you want, catch up with friends, set yourself up on a table, lay out your lucky charms and buy any drinks and snacks you'll need will have you ready to go. Rushing in and throwing your belongings on the table as the first number is called is no way to prepare.
Ball bingo
The following tips apply to traditional bingo, which features a caged wheel of numbered balls that spin randomly before being individually drawn. This is a bit different to how it is played at Lantern Club, which – don't worry! – you'll learn about later.
Counting numbers
In a wheel-of-balls game, more serious bingo players who understand the concepts of mathematical probability may employ a more complex theory based on predictability. Depending on how many balls are used in the game, there should theoretically be a uniform pattern as to how they are called. There should be an even distribution of odd and even numbers, high and low numbers and numbers ending in one, two, three, four, etc. So it stands to reason that the longer you are in the game, the more likelihood your numbers will eventually be called. So, if you have a set budget, instead of buying many books and playing in fewer games, the better tactic might be to play fewer books in more games. All players play the same amount of games.
A mathematical analyst by the name of Joseph E. Granville proposed the idea that the best way of winning in this form of bingo was to buy cards that had an even distribution of odds and evens, high and low numbers, and numbers ending in each of the single digits 0-9. His suggestion was that in the long run, you'll get an equal number of numbers called, so it makes sense to have an even distribution of numbers on every card. The problem with Granville's theory is his reputation as a stock market investor is deplorable, with his stock choices depreciating by 20% year on year based on his ability as a mathematical analyst!
The Tippett Theory
British statistician L.H.C Tippett came up with a complex theory about randomness that may or may not be true (there is no statistical evidence supporting the theory), but you can be the judge of it for yourself. Tippett's theory suggests the more numbers called in a wheel-of-balls game, the more likely those numbers will gravitate towards the median number. For example, if there are 99 bingo balls in play, and it's a short game, choose cards with numbers closer to 1 and 99. If it's a long game, choose numbers that are closer to the median number, 45. Skilled bingo players will know which games will go for longer and which games are usually decided in fewer calls.
Bingo by books
The following tips apply to the alternative to ball bingo which uses books or cards. This is how we play at here at Lantern Club in Canterbury.
Play as many books as you can
You need to know your capabilities for this tactic to work. If you buy too many books (some games may use ‘cards' instead) there's a real chance you'll miss numbers as they are called. If this happens there is virtually zero chance of winning on those books. So while you should play as many books as possible, knowing your limitations is the key. How much difference can buying more books make? If there are 20 players in a game and everyone has one book each, you'll have a 5% chance of winning. Alternatively, if everyone in the game has one book but you have four books, you now have a 17% chance of winning. As you can see, having more books than others can increase your chances considerably. You can work out the odds of winning each game by simply dividing the number of books in play by the number of people playing. This is obviously easier said than done when there are many players and lots of books but even a good guess will give you some idea of your chances.
Understand game sizes
Some say the best to win is to ensure there are fewer players playing, with the premise that the less people you're up against, the more likely you are to win. However this is not always the best approach. At some venues like Lantern Club for example, bingo jackpots are calculated based on the number of cards in the game – so if there are fewer cards in play, the prize will be smaller. In this case you can choose to play in a larger game for the chance that if you do win bingo, you'll win big. The strategy is in your hands.
Get some advice from experienced bingo players
Talking to those who have been playing for many years will give you an idea of strategies they use to increase their chances. You can discuss the tips above and hear what they have to say about them. They may also be able to share with you their strategies for winning too. Like all new skills we learn throughout our lives, these insights will improve your game in a short period of time.
Where can I try my hand to win at bingo?
Of course, as has been mentioned, there is no way to predict what numbers are going to be called at any specific moment. There is no ‘sure way' to win at bingo but you can increase your chances. So these theories are just that… theories. The number one tip you can be given to increase your chances of winning, is to stay alert. If you miss numbers you aren't going to win, it's that simple.
For a local game where you can learn and have fun at the same time, come down to Club Bingo at Lantern Club. Our friendly members will vie for great prizes on your choice of paper books or electronic PET devices
Bingo is played every Monday and Friday at 11am, with ticket sales starting from 10.30am. You'll enjoy a standard 20 game set and the hugely popular jackpot sheet.
Players have a chance of winning Woolworths Wish gift cards, Lantern Club Reward Vouchers plus a range of grocery items and homewares. Plus our members can use their Reward Vouchers to purchase games.
© Lantern Club, Roselands
Bingo cards are playing cards designed to facilitate the game of Bingo in its various forms around the world.
History[edit]
In the early 1500s the people of Italy began to play a game called 'Lo Gioco del Lotto d'Italia,' which literally means 'The game of lotto of Italy.' The game operated very much like a modern lottery as players placed bets on the chances of certain numbers being drawn. By the 1700s, a version of Lo Gioco del Lotto d'Italia was played in France, where paper cards were first used to keep track of numbers drawn by a caller.[1]
Before the advent of printing machines, numbers on bingo cards were either painted by hand or stamped using rubber stamps onto thick cardboard.[2] Cards were reusable, meaning players used tokens to mark called numbers. The number of unique cards was limited as randomization had to occur by hand. Before the advent of online Bingo, cards were printed on card stock and, increasingly, disposable paper.[3] While cardboard and paper cards are still in use, Bingo halls are turning more to 'flimsies' (also called 'throwaways') — a card inexpensively printed on very thin paper to overcome increasing cost — and electronic Bingo cards to overcome the difficulty with randomization.[4][5]
Types of Cards[edit]
There are two types of Bingo cards. One is a 5x5 grid meant for 75-ball Bingo, which is largely played in the U.S. The other uses a 9x3 grid for U.K. style 'Housie' or 90-ball Bingo.[6]
75-ball Bingo Cards[edit]
Players use cards that feature five columns of five squares each, with every square containing a number (except the middle square, which is designated a 'FREE' space). The columns are labeled 'B' (numbers 1–15), 'I' (numbers 16–30), 'N' (numbers 31–45), 'G' (numbers 46–60), and 'O' (numbers 61–75).[7]
Randomization[edit]
A popular Bingo myth[8] claims that U.S. Bingo innovator Edwin S. Lowe contracted Columbia University professor Carl Leffler to create 6,000 random and unique Bingo cards. The effort is purported to have driven Leffler insane. Manual random permutation is an onerous and time-consuming task that limited the number of Bingo cards available for play for centuries.
The calculation of random permutations is a matter of statistics principally relying on the use of factorial calculations. In its simplest sense, the number of unique 'B' columns assumes that all 15 numbers are available for the first row. That only 14 of the numbers are available for the second row (one having been consumed for the first row). And that only 13, 12, and 11 numbers are available for each of the third, fourth, and fifth rows. Thus, the number of unique 'B' (and 'I', 'G', and 'O', respectively) columns is (15*14*13*12*11) = 360,360. The combinations of the 'N' column differ due to the use of the free space. Therefore, it has only (15*14*13*12) = 32,760 unique combinations. The product of the five rows (360,3604 * 32,760) describes the total number of unique playing cards. That number is 552,446,474,061,128,648,601,600,000 simplified as 5.52x1026 or 552 septillion.
Printing a complete set of Bingo cards is impossible for all practical purposes. If one trillion cards could be printed each second, a printer would require more than seventeen thousand years to print just one set. However, while the number combination of each card is unique, the number of winning cards is not. If a winning game using e.g. row #3 requires the number set B10, I16, G59, and O69, there are 333,105,095,983,435,776 (333 quadrillion) winning cards. Therefore, calculation of the number of Bingo cards is more practical from the point of view of calculating the number of unique winning cards.
For example, in a simple one-pattern game of Bingo a winning card may be the first person to complete row #3. Because the 'N' column contains a free space, the maximum number of cards that guarantee a unique winner is (15*15*15*15) = 50,625. Because the players need to only focus on row #3, the remaining numbers in rows #1, #2, #4, and #5 are statistically insignificant for purposes of game play and can be selected in any manner as long as no number is duplicated on any card.
Perhaps the most common pattern set, known as 'Straight-line Bingo' is completing any of the five rows, columns, or either of the main diagonals.[5] In this case the possibility of multiple winning cards is unavoidable because any one of twelve patterns on every card can win the game. But not all 552 septillion cards need to be in play. Any given set of numbers in a column (e.g., 15, 3, 14, 5, 12 in the 'B' column) can be represented in any of 5! (for the 'B', 'I', 'G', and 'O' columns. 4! for the 'N' column) or 120 different ways. These combinations are all statistically redundant. Therefore, the total number of cards can be reduced by a factor of (5!4 * 4!) = 4,976,640,000 for a total unique winning card set of 111,007,923,832,370,565 or 111 quadrillion. (Still impossibly enormous, but our eager printer described above would only need 1.29 days to complete the task.)
The challenge of a multiple-pattern game is selecting a winner wherein a tie is possible. The solution is to name the player who shouts 'Bingo!' first, is the winner. However, it is more practical and manageable to use card sets that avoid multiple-pattern games. The single-pattern #3 row has already been mentioned, but its limited card set causes problems for the emerging online Bingo culture. Larger patterns, e.g. a diamond pattern consisting of cell positions B3, I2 and I4, N1 and N5, G2 and G4, and O3, are often used by online Bingo games to permit large number of players while ensuring only one player can win. (A unique winner is further desirable for online play where network delays and other communication interference can unfairly affect multiple winning cards. The winner would be determined by the first person to click the 'Bingo!' button (emulating the shout of 'Bingo!' during a live game).) In this case the number of unique winning cards is calculated as (152*(15*14)3/23) = 260,465,625 (260 million). The division by two for each of the 'I', 'N', and 'G' columns is necessary to once again remove redundant number combinations, such as [31,#,#,#,45] and [45,#,#,#,31] in the N column.
Bingo Game Set Deluxe 6-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 300 Bingo Chips and 50 Bingo Cards Carnival Canada CDN$44.99 CDN$ 44. 99 (385) Clarence J. Venne Primo Bingo Paper 2-Game Sheets Clarence J. Venne CDN$6.64 CDN$ 6. 64 (151) Tapp Collections™ Bingo Delight Bingo. Bingo Game Set Deluxe 6-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 300 Bingo Chips and 50 Bingo Cards. Wal-Mart Canada Corp. 1940 Argentia Road Mississauga. Bingo Game Set Deluxe JUMBO 9-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 500 Bingo Chips and 100 Bingo Cards. $79.99 + Add to Cart + Compare; View as: Grid List Sort. Carnival Canada. 31 Progress Ave Unit 7, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Bingo game set canada.
90-ball bingo cards[edit]
[9] In UK bingo, or Housie, cards are usually called 'tickets.' The cards contain three rows and nine columns. Each row contains five numbers and four blank spaces randomly distributed along the row. Numbers are apportioned by column (1–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and 80–90).
Other Types of Cards[edit]
See also[edit]
- Reader service card (also known as a 'bingo card')
References[edit]
- Young, William H. and Nancy K. The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN978-0-313-33521-1.
For example, in a simple one-pattern game of Bingo a winning card may be the first person to complete row #3. Because the 'N' column contains a free space, the maximum number of cards that guarantee a unique winner is (15.15.15.15) = 50,625. More Ways to Use this Christmas Bingo Printable. This holiday bingo printable can also be used as a matching game or memory game. To play: Print out one sheet of bingo cards (two cards per sheet) Cut out the bingo cards; For matching: Leave one card whole and cut out the smaller squares of the second card. Match the small squares to the bingo card. Bingo (also bango) is a card game named by analogy to the game bingo.The game is played with a bridge deck of 52 cards. The dealer gives each player a number of cards (typically five), which are held in the hand or placed face-down in front of the player. If you play a standard bingo game (numbers from 1 to 75) and you have 25 players (25 cards), and if you play 30 random values, you will get an average of 3 winning lines. When you have more cards, you will likely get more winners.
Get ready early
This one is general and will obviously apply to any form of bingo. It isn't a scientific theory, but being ready when the first number (or ball) is drawn will ensure you're on your game. Professional athletes get to their events early so they have plenty of time to prepare themselves for a top quality performance. While bingo isn't a professional sport, arriving early enough so you can buy the books you want, catch up with friends, set yourself up on a table, lay out your lucky charms and buy any drinks and snacks you'll need will have you ready to go. Rushing in and throwing your belongings on the table as the first number is called is no way to prepare.
Ball bingo
The following tips apply to traditional bingo, which features a caged wheel of numbered balls that spin randomly before being individually drawn. This is a bit different to how it is played at Lantern Club, which – don't worry! – you'll learn about later.
Counting numbers
In a wheel-of-balls game, more serious bingo players who understand the concepts of mathematical probability may employ a more complex theory based on predictability. Depending on how many balls are used in the game, there should theoretically be a uniform pattern as to how they are called. There should be an even distribution of odd and even numbers, high and low numbers and numbers ending in one, two, three, four, etc. So it stands to reason that the longer you are in the game, the more likelihood your numbers will eventually be called. So, if you have a set budget, instead of buying many books and playing in fewer games, the better tactic might be to play fewer books in more games. All players play the same amount of games.
A mathematical analyst by the name of Joseph E. Granville proposed the idea that the best way of winning in this form of bingo was to buy cards that had an even distribution of odds and evens, high and low numbers, and numbers ending in each of the single digits 0-9. His suggestion was that in the long run, you'll get an equal number of numbers called, so it makes sense to have an even distribution of numbers on every card. The problem with Granville's theory is his reputation as a stock market investor is deplorable, with his stock choices depreciating by 20% year on year based on his ability as a mathematical analyst!
The Tippett Theory
British statistician L.H.C Tippett came up with a complex theory about randomness that may or may not be true (there is no statistical evidence supporting the theory), but you can be the judge of it for yourself. Tippett's theory suggests the more numbers called in a wheel-of-balls game, the more likely those numbers will gravitate towards the median number. For example, if there are 99 bingo balls in play, and it's a short game, choose cards with numbers closer to 1 and 99. If it's a long game, choose numbers that are closer to the median number, 45. Skilled bingo players will know which games will go for longer and which games are usually decided in fewer calls.
Bingo by books
The following tips apply to the alternative to ball bingo which uses books or cards. This is how we play at here at Lantern Club in Canterbury.
Play as many books as you can
You need to know your capabilities for this tactic to work. If you buy too many books (some games may use ‘cards' instead) there's a real chance you'll miss numbers as they are called. If this happens there is virtually zero chance of winning on those books. So while you should play as many books as possible, knowing your limitations is the key. How much difference can buying more books make? If there are 20 players in a game and everyone has one book each, you'll have a 5% chance of winning. Alternatively, if everyone in the game has one book but you have four books, you now have a 17% chance of winning. As you can see, having more books than others can increase your chances considerably. You can work out the odds of winning each game by simply dividing the number of books in play by the number of people playing. This is obviously easier said than done when there are many players and lots of books but even a good guess will give you some idea of your chances.
Understand game sizes
Some say the best to win is to ensure there are fewer players playing, with the premise that the less people you're up against, the more likely you are to win. However this is not always the best approach. At some venues like Lantern Club for example, bingo jackpots are calculated based on the number of cards in the game – so if there are fewer cards in play, the prize will be smaller. In this case you can choose to play in a larger game for the chance that if you do win bingo, you'll win big. The strategy is in your hands.
Get some advice from experienced bingo players
Talking to those who have been playing for many years will give you an idea of strategies they use to increase their chances. You can discuss the tips above and hear what they have to say about them. They may also be able to share with you their strategies for winning too. Like all new skills we learn throughout our lives, these insights will improve your game in a short period of time.
Where can I try my hand to win at bingo?
Of course, as has been mentioned, there is no way to predict what numbers are going to be called at any specific moment. There is no ‘sure way' to win at bingo but you can increase your chances. So these theories are just that… theories. The number one tip you can be given to increase your chances of winning, is to stay alert. If you miss numbers you aren't going to win, it's that simple.
For a local game where you can learn and have fun at the same time, come down to Club Bingo at Lantern Club. Our friendly members will vie for great prizes on your choice of paper books or electronic PET devices
Bingo is played every Monday and Friday at 11am, with ticket sales starting from 10.30am. You'll enjoy a standard 20 game set and the hugely popular jackpot sheet.
Players have a chance of winning Woolworths Wish gift cards, Lantern Club Reward Vouchers plus a range of grocery items and homewares. Plus our members can use their Reward Vouchers to purchase games.
© Lantern Club, Roselands
Bingo cards are playing cards designed to facilitate the game of Bingo in its various forms around the world.
History[edit]
In the early 1500s the people of Italy began to play a game called 'Lo Gioco del Lotto d'Italia,' which literally means 'The game of lotto of Italy.' The game operated very much like a modern lottery as players placed bets on the chances of certain numbers being drawn. By the 1700s, a version of Lo Gioco del Lotto d'Italia was played in France, where paper cards were first used to keep track of numbers drawn by a caller.[1]
Before the advent of printing machines, numbers on bingo cards were either painted by hand or stamped using rubber stamps onto thick cardboard.[2] Cards were reusable, meaning players used tokens to mark called numbers. The number of unique cards was limited as randomization had to occur by hand. Before the advent of online Bingo, cards were printed on card stock and, increasingly, disposable paper.[3] While cardboard and paper cards are still in use, Bingo halls are turning more to 'flimsies' (also called 'throwaways') — a card inexpensively printed on very thin paper to overcome increasing cost — and electronic Bingo cards to overcome the difficulty with randomization.[4][5]
Types of Cards[edit]
There are two types of Bingo cards. One is a 5x5 grid meant for 75-ball Bingo, which is largely played in the U.S. The other uses a 9x3 grid for U.K. style 'Housie' or 90-ball Bingo.[6]
75-ball Bingo Cards[edit]
Players use cards that feature five columns of five squares each, with every square containing a number (except the middle square, which is designated a 'FREE' space). The columns are labeled 'B' (numbers 1–15), 'I' (numbers 16–30), 'N' (numbers 31–45), 'G' (numbers 46–60), and 'O' (numbers 61–75).[7]
Randomization[edit]
A popular Bingo myth[8] claims that U.S. Bingo innovator Edwin S. Lowe contracted Columbia University professor Carl Leffler to create 6,000 random and unique Bingo cards. The effort is purported to have driven Leffler insane. Manual random permutation is an onerous and time-consuming task that limited the number of Bingo cards available for play for centuries.
The calculation of random permutations is a matter of statistics principally relying on the use of factorial calculations. In its simplest sense, the number of unique 'B' columns assumes that all 15 numbers are available for the first row. That only 14 of the numbers are available for the second row (one having been consumed for the first row). And that only 13, 12, and 11 numbers are available for each of the third, fourth, and fifth rows. Thus, the number of unique 'B' (and 'I', 'G', and 'O', respectively) columns is (15*14*13*12*11) = 360,360. The combinations of the 'N' column differ due to the use of the free space. Therefore, it has only (15*14*13*12) = 32,760 unique combinations. The product of the five rows (360,3604 * 32,760) describes the total number of unique playing cards. That number is 552,446,474,061,128,648,601,600,000 simplified as 5.52x1026 or 552 septillion.
Printing a complete set of Bingo cards is impossible for all practical purposes. If one trillion cards could be printed each second, a printer would require more than seventeen thousand years to print just one set. However, while the number combination of each card is unique, the number of winning cards is not. If a winning game using e.g. row #3 requires the number set B10, I16, G59, and O69, there are 333,105,095,983,435,776 (333 quadrillion) winning cards. Therefore, calculation of the number of Bingo cards is more practical from the point of view of calculating the number of unique winning cards.
For example, in a simple one-pattern game of Bingo a winning card may be the first person to complete row #3. Because the 'N' column contains a free space, the maximum number of cards that guarantee a unique winner is (15*15*15*15) = 50,625. Because the players need to only focus on row #3, the remaining numbers in rows #1, #2, #4, and #5 are statistically insignificant for purposes of game play and can be selected in any manner as long as no number is duplicated on any card.
Perhaps the most common pattern set, known as 'Straight-line Bingo' is completing any of the five rows, columns, or either of the main diagonals.[5] In this case the possibility of multiple winning cards is unavoidable because any one of twelve patterns on every card can win the game. But not all 552 septillion cards need to be in play. Any given set of numbers in a column (e.g., 15, 3, 14, 5, 12 in the 'B' column) can be represented in any of 5! (for the 'B', 'I', 'G', and 'O' columns. 4! for the 'N' column) or 120 different ways. These combinations are all statistically redundant. Therefore, the total number of cards can be reduced by a factor of (5!4 * 4!) = 4,976,640,000 for a total unique winning card set of 111,007,923,832,370,565 or 111 quadrillion. (Still impossibly enormous, but our eager printer described above would only need 1.29 days to complete the task.)
The challenge of a multiple-pattern game is selecting a winner wherein a tie is possible. The solution is to name the player who shouts 'Bingo!' first, is the winner. However, it is more practical and manageable to use card sets that avoid multiple-pattern games. The single-pattern #3 row has already been mentioned, but its limited card set causes problems for the emerging online Bingo culture. Larger patterns, e.g. a diamond pattern consisting of cell positions B3, I2 and I4, N1 and N5, G2 and G4, and O3, are often used by online Bingo games to permit large number of players while ensuring only one player can win. (A unique winner is further desirable for online play where network delays and other communication interference can unfairly affect multiple winning cards. The winner would be determined by the first person to click the 'Bingo!' button (emulating the shout of 'Bingo!' during a live game).) In this case the number of unique winning cards is calculated as (152*(15*14)3/23) = 260,465,625 (260 million). The division by two for each of the 'I', 'N', and 'G' columns is necessary to once again remove redundant number combinations, such as [31,#,#,#,45] and [45,#,#,#,31] in the N column.
Bingo Game Set Deluxe 6-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 300 Bingo Chips and 50 Bingo Cards Carnival Canada CDN$44.99 CDN$ 44. 99 (385) Clarence J. Venne Primo Bingo Paper 2-Game Sheets Clarence J. Venne CDN$6.64 CDN$ 6. 64 (151) Tapp Collections™ Bingo Delight Bingo. Bingo Game Set Deluxe 6-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 300 Bingo Chips and 50 Bingo Cards. Wal-Mart Canada Corp. 1940 Argentia Road Mississauga. Bingo Game Set Deluxe JUMBO 9-Inch Bingo Game with Colored Balls, 500 Bingo Chips and 100 Bingo Cards. $79.99 + Add to Cart + Compare; View as: Grid List Sort. Carnival Canada. 31 Progress Ave Unit 7, Toronto, Ontario Canada. Bingo game set canada.
90-ball bingo cards[edit]
[9] In UK bingo, or Housie, cards are usually called 'tickets.' The cards contain three rows and nine columns. Each row contains five numbers and four blank spaces randomly distributed along the row. Numbers are apportioned by column (1–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and 80–90).
Other Types of Cards[edit]
See also[edit]
- Reader service card (also known as a 'bingo card')
References[edit]
- Young, William H. and Nancy K. The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN978-0-313-33521-1.
Footnotes[edit]
- ^Crossland, Drake. 'Bingo:A Game's Journey Through History'. EZinearticles.com.
- ^'Bingo Card History'. VirtualBingo. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^'Bingo Cards'. BettingExpert. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^'Types of Bingo Cards'. VirtualBingo. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^ abAndrew Bowser. 'Bingo Equipment'. How Stuff Works. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^Hoeft, Mike (2014). The bingo queens of Oneida : how two moms started tribal gaming in Wisconsin (First ed.). ISBN978-0870206528.
- ^John, Player (1 January 2014). 'Gala Bingo Mobile App: play wherever you are'. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
- ^'Bingo Myths: Fact or Fiction?'. My Casino Strategy. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
- ^'bingobonuspage:What are the different Bingo game types?'. Archived from the original on December 6, 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
Bingo Card Winner
